Asphalt Shingle Installation
Shingle types, exposure, nailing patterns, starter strips, cold weather installation, and storage.
- State the typical exposure for 3-tab and architectural asphalt shingles
- Identify the minimum number of nails required per shingle and proper placement
- Explain the purpose and installation of starter strips
- Describe cold weather shingle installation techniques
- Recognize proper shingle storage and handling requirements
Lesson 1
Shingle Types & Specifications
3-Tab vs. Architectural Shingles
Asphalt shingles are the most common roofing material in Canada. They come in two primary types:
3-tab shingles are flat with three uniform tabs cut along the lower edge. They are lighter, less expensive, and provide a uniform appearance. The typical exposure for 3-tab asphalt shingles is 5 inches (127 mm).
Architectural (laminated) shingles have a multi-layered design that creates a dimensional, textured appearance. They are heavier, more wind-resistant, and carry longer warranties. The typical lifespan of architectural asphalt shingles is 25 to 30 years, compared to 15-20 years for 3-tab.
3-Tab Shingles
Exposure: 5 inches (127 mm)
Weight: 200-240 lbs per square
Lifespan: 15-20 years
Wind rating: 60-80 mph
Architectural Shingles
Exposure: 5-5/8 inches (143 mm)
Weight: 240-400 lbs per square
Lifespan: 25-30 years
Wind rating: 110-130 mph
Shingle Weight per Square
The typical weight of asphalt shingles per square ranges from 200 to 400 pounds depending on type. This weight is critical for structural load calculations. Before re-roofing, verify that the roof structure can support the additional weight if layering over existing shingles.
Exam Fact
The type of nails required for asphalt shingle installation is galvanized or stainless steel roofing nails. Common steel nails corrode and lose holding power. Aluminum nails are too soft for high-wind areas.
The typical exposure for 3-tab shingles is 5 inches. Architectural shingles last 25-30 years and weigh 240-400 lbs per square. Only galvanized or stainless steel roofing nails are acceptable for shingle installation.